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This article addresses the security policy of Iceland and also foreign economic policy in terms of the changes its development may imply for Iceland's external relations. Iceland has concluded that there is no reason to change its security arrangement during the present transitional period in East-West relations. Looking further ahead, it appears fairly certain that if NATO remains intact, Iceland will want to stay in it. For the short term, there is no reason to believe that Iceland would want to make any changes to its defense agreement with the United States. Iceland's participation in the undertaking to establish a European Economic Space will, if negotiations succeed, imply a substantial change in the country's foreign policy and lead to much closer integration with Western Europe. The question of European Community membership is, however, not on the agenda and is not likely to be soon, but, in the longer run, it cannot be excluded. During the postwar period, Iceland has consistently pursued good relations with Western Europe and the United States. However the external situation will evolve, Iceland will prefer a policy that aims at a balanced relationship with both.

ICELAND HAS CONCLUDED THAT THERE IS NO REASON TO CHANGE ITS SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS DURING THE PRESENT TRANSITIONAL PERIOD IN EAST-WEST RELATIONS. LOOKING FURTHER AHEAD, IT APPEARS FAIRLY CERTAIN THAT ICELAND WILL WANT TO REMAIN IN NATO IF THAT ORGANIZATION REMAINS INTACT. FOR THE SHORT TERM, THERE IS NO REASON TO BELIEVE THAT ICELAND WILL WANT TO MAKE ANY CHANGES IN ITS DEFENSE AGREEMENT WITH THE USA. ICELAND'S PARTICIPATION IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A EUROPEAN ECONOMIC SPACE WILL, IF NEGOTIATIONS SUCCEED, IMPLY A SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE IN THE COUNTRY'S FOREIGN POLICY AND LEAD TO MUCH CLOSER INTEGRATION WITH WESTERN EUROPE. AT PRESENT, THE QUESTION OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITY MEMBERSHIP IS NOT ON THE AGENDA AND IT IS NOT LIKELY TO BE SOON. BUT, IN THE LONGER RUN, IT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED. HOWEVER THE EXTERNAL SITUATION EVOLVES, ICELAND WILL CONTINUE TO PREFER A POLICY THAT PROVIDES BALANCED RELATIONS WITH BOTH THE UNITED STATES AND WESTERN EUROPE.

Iceland holds a central position in the Greenland–Iceland–United Kingdom gap (GIUK gap), which constitutes a choke point through which naval transit routes in and out of the Norwegian Sea must necessarily lie. Situated between the American and European continents, Iceland constitutes a 'bridgehead' from which support or reinforcement by short-range aircraft from the U.S. can be provided. This article first analyzes the GIUK gap and its role in U.S. and Soviet naval strategy and concludes that changes in Soviet naval strategy imply diminished importance for the GIUK gap. The second part of the article analyzes general characteristics of Iceland's security policy. While there is no realistic alternative to Iceland's NATO membership, the U.S. base in Keflavík has been highly controversial. The perceived cultural impact of the American presence in Iceland has always been a major focus of the political controversy on security policy, whereas the military aspect has been less prevalent until recent years. Iceland's position in NATO has characteristically been a detached one. Icelandic efforts to establish research and expertise in the security field as well as the trend towards increased politicization of the military aspects of security policy are discussed in the concluding part of the article.

Iceland holds a central position in the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom gap (GIUK gap), which constitutes a choke point through which naval transit routes in and out of the Norwegian Sea must necessarily lie. Situated between the American and European continents, Iceland constitutes a 'bridgehead' from which support or reinforcement by short-range aircraft from the U.S. can be provided. This article first analyzes the GIUK gap and its role in U.S. and Soviet naval strategy and concludes that changes in Soviet naval strategy imply diminished importance for the GIUK gap. The second part of the article analyzes general characteristics of Iceland's security policy. While there is no realistic alternative to Iceland's NATO membership, the U.S. base in Keflavík has been highly controversial. The perceived cultural impact of the American presence in Iceland has always been a major focus of the political controversy on security policy, whereas the military aspect has been less prevalent until recent years. Iceland's position in NATO has characteristically been a detached one. Icelandic efforts to establish research and expertise in the security field as well as the trend towards increased politicization of the military aspects of security policy are discussed in the concluding part of the article.

Religionspädagogik The project "Religious Education at Schools in Europe" (REL-EDU), which is divided up into six volumes (Central Europe, Western Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, South-Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe), aims to research the situation with regard to religious education in Europe. The third volume outlines the organisational form of religious education in the countries of Northern Europe (Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Iceland). This is done on the basis of thirteen key issues, which allows specific points of comparison between different countries in Europe. Thereby the volume focusses the comparative approach and facilitates further research into specific aspects of the comparison. Biographische Informationen Prof. Dr. Martin Jäggle lehrt Religionspädagogik und Katechetik an der Katholisch-Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Wien. Dr. Martin Rothgangel ist Professor für Religionspädagogik an der Evangelisch-Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Wien. Prof. Dr. Geir Skeie lehrt Religionspädagogik an den Universitäten Stockholm und Stavanger. Reihe Wiener Forum für Theologie und Religionswissenschaft - Band 10.3.

Disruption of naturally evolved spatial patterns of genetic variation and local adaptations is a growing concern in wildlife management and conservation. During the last decade, releases of native taxa with potentially non-native genotypes have received increased attention. This has mostly concerned conservation programs, but releases are also widely carried out to boost harvest opportunities. The mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, is one of few terrestrial migratory vertebrates subjected to large-scale releases for hunting purposes. It is the most numerous and widespread duck in the world, yet each year more than three million farmed mallard ducklings are released into the wild in the European Union alone to increase the harvestable population. This study aimed to determine the genetic effects of such large-scale releases of a native species, specifically if wild and released farmed mallards differ genetically among subpopulations in Europe, if there are signs of admixture between the two groups, if the genetic structure of the wild mallard population has changed since large-scale releases began in the 1970s, and if the current data matches global patterns across the Northern hemisphere. We used Bayesian clustering (Structure software) and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) to analyze the genetic structure of historical and present-day wild (n = 171 and n = 209, respectively) as well as farmed (n = 211) mallards from six European countries as inferred by 360 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Both methods showed a clear genetic differentiation between wild and farmed mallards. Admixed individuals were found in the present-day wild population, implicating introgression of farmed genotypes into wild mallards despite low survival among released farmed mallards. Such cryptic introgression would alter the genetic composition of wild populations and may have unknown long-term consequences for conservation.

Funding Information: P.K. is an employee of The Binding Site. BGMD has done consultancy for Amgen, Janssen, Celgene, Takeda. S.H. is the director of The Binding Site. O.L. has received research funding from: National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF), International Myeloma Foundation (IMF), Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS), Perelman Family Foundation, Rising Tide Foundation, Amgen, Celgene, Janssen, Takeda, Glenmark, Seattle Genetics, Karyopharm; Honoraria/ad boards: Adaptive, Amgen, Binding Site, BMS, Celgene, Cellectis, Glenmark, Janssen, Juno, Pfizer; and serves on Independent Data Monitoring Committees (IDMCs) for clinical trials lead by Takeda, Merck, Janssen, Theradex. S.Y.K. has received research funding from International Myeloma Foundation, European Research Council, Icelandic Center for Research (Rannís), Amgen, Celgene. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: The iStopMM study is funded by the Black Swan Research Initiative by the International Myeloma Foundation and the Icelandic Centre for Research (grant agreement No 173857). Furthermore, this project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 716677). Screening tests are performed by The Binding Site Ltd. Birmingham, UK. Additional funding is provided by the University of Iceland, Landspítali University Hospital, and the Icelandic Cancer Society. Crosslinking of study data to national registries is performed by the Icelandic Directorate of Health and the Icelandic Cancer Society. The study is made possible by the hundreds of nurses, laboratory technicians, and physicians around Iceland who collect blood samples from participants for screening or during follow-up and provide clinical care that is not part of the study. Icelandic and International myeloma patient organizations including ...

The International Conferences on Economics and Social Sciences (ICESS)organized by Bucharest University of Economic Studies provides an opportunity for all those interested in Economics and Social Sciences to discuss and exchange research ideas. The papers presented at the Conference are available online in the Conference Proceedings series (ISSN 2704-6524): Volume 2019 Collaborative Research for Excellence in Economics and Social Sciences, ISBN 9788366675322 Volume 2020 Innovative Models to Revive the Global Economy, ISBN 9788395815072 This conference provides an opportunity for all those interested in Economics and Social Sciences to discuss and exchange research ideas. We welcome both empirical and theoretical work that is broadly consistent with the conference' general theme. Especially, researchers, PhD students and practitioners are invited to submit papers on the topics related to new models in entrepreneurship and innovation, sustainability and education, data science and digitalization, marketing and finance, Fintech & Insurtech etc. that will develop innovative instruments for countries, businesses and education. The innovative models for sustainable development aim to ensure simultaneous economic development, social development, and environmental protection, to achieve a higher quality of life for all people and protect all living beings and the planet. The main topics of the conference are focused on but not limited to the following sections: Fintech & Insurtech - towards a sustainable financial environment The role of innovation in public and private organizations Financial perspectives in turbulent times Global Challenges for Agri-Food Systems and Sustainable Development Economic Policies for Non-Cyclical Crises Education for Sustainable Development: impact of universities on society Marketing and Sustainability The role of accounting in Sustainable Development Global world after crisis: towards a new economic model Sustainability for future business Current challenges within demographic data: measurement, collection, retrieval, analysis and reporting We welcome you to join us for two intensive days of plenary speeches and specialized parallel sessions debates that will result in high quality practical insights and networking. Scientific CommitteeACELEANU Mirela, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaALBU Lucian, Academia Romana, RomaniaANGHEL Ion, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaARROYO GALLARDO Javier, Complutense University of Madrid, SpainAUSLOOS Marcel, Leicester University, United KingdomBEGALLI Diego, University of Verona, ItalyBELLINI Francesco, Sapienza University of Rome, ItalyBRATOSIN Ștefan, Universite Montpellier 3, FranceCABANIS Andre, Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole, FranceCASTERAN Herbert, EM Strasbourg University, FranceCENȚIU Silvian, Retina Communications, San Francisco, USACERQUETI Roy, Sapienza University of Rome, ItalyCHAVEZ Gilbert, Globis University Tokyo, JapanCOSTICÃ Ionela, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaCOX Michael, London School of Economics, England, UKD'ASCENZO Fabrizio, Sapienza University of Rome, ItalyDIMA Alina Mihaela, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaDÂRDALÃ Marian, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaDUMITRESCU Dan Gabriel, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaDUMITRU Ovidiu, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaFELEAGÃ Liliana, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaFONSECA Luis Miguel, Polytechnic of Porto, PortugalGARCÍA-GOÑI Manuel, Universitad Complutense de Madrid, SpainGIUDICI Paolo, The University of Pavia, ItalyGRUBOR Aleksandar, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaHÄRDLE Wolfgang Karl, Humboldt University of Berlin, GermanyHURDUZEU Gheorghe, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaISTUDOR Nicolae, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaKOKUSHO Kyoko, IBM Tokyo, JapanLOMBARDI Mariarosaria, University of Foggia, ItalyMEHMANPAZIR Babak, EM Strasbourg University, FranceMIRON Dumitru, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaNABIRUKHINA Anna Vadimovna, Saint Petersburg State University, RussiaNICA Elvira, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaNIJKAMP Peter, Jeronimus Academy of Data Science Den Bosch, NetherlandsNOVO CORTI Maria Isabel, Universidade da Coruña, SpainORDÓÑEZ MONFORT Javier, Jaume I University, SpainPANETTA Roberto, Bocconi University, ItalyPARASCHIV Dorel Mihai, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaPICATOSTE Xose, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, SpainPIROȘCÃ Grigore, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaPOINT Sébastien, EM Strasbourg University, FrancePOPA Ion, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaPROFIROIU Marius Constantin, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaRICHMOND Peter, Trinity College Dublin, IrelandSÂRBU Roxana, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaSINGER Slavica, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, CroatiaSMEUREANU Ion, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaSTAMULE Tãnase, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaSTATE Radu, University of Luxembourg, LuxembourgSTOIAN Mirela, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaSTRAT Vasile Alecsandru, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaSTREET Donna, University of Dayton, USATEIXEIRA DOMINGUES José Pedro, University of Minho, PortugalȚIGU Gabriela, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaVALDEBENITO Carlos Ramirez, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileVEGHEȘ Cãlin Petricã, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, RomaniaVERHOEF Peter, University of Groningen, NetherlandsVOLKMANN Christine Katharina, Schumpeter School of Business and Economics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, GermanyWALTER FARKAS Erich, University of Zurich, SwitzerlandWIERENGA Berend, Rotterdam School of Management, NetherlandsWOODS Michael, University of Aberystwyth, Wales, UKZIMMERMANN Klaus F., Bonn University (em.) end Global Labor Organization, Germany Open Access Statement These conference proceedings are Open Access proceedings that allow a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. Open Access License These conference proceedings provide immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0. Authors who publish with these proceedings retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. ABSTRACTING & INDEXING Innovative Models to Revive the Global Economy is covered by the following services: Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) EBSCO Discovery Service Google Scholar Naviga (Softweco) Primo Central (ExLibris) ReadCube Summon (ProQuest) TDOne (TDNet) WorldCat (OCLC)